Written by
18 August 2024
•
11 min read
As a homeowner, it's important to consider which type of hot water heating system you're going to use. Fortunately, there are many different systems on the market, and within the bunch, you're sure to find the one that's ideal for you. While this process can seem overwhelming, with a bit of research, you'll be able to confidently find the one that suits your home best.
A hot water heating system is designed to provide a home with a continuous supply of hot water for everyday needs, such as bathing, cooking, and cleaning. These systems either use an isolated tank to keep water hot and readily available or through a continuous flow system to distribute hot water throughout the house.
Before you start to consider the type of hot water heating system you want for your house, it’s important to understand that there are two different methods of how water is used to heat your home.
Continuous flow systems, also known as tankless water heaters, provide hot water only when needed. When a hot water tap is turned on, cold water flows through the system and is quickly heated by a gas burner or electric element. This on-demand approach offers substantial energy savings, as there’s no need to maintain a large volume of water at a constant temperature throughout the day. However, these systems can be strained when supplying hot water to multiple outlets simultaneously, potentially leading to a delay in the water reaching the desired temperature and a longer heating cycle. Continuous flow systems are best for smaller homes where instant hot water demand is lower.
In contrast, hot water cylinders store a large amount of pre-heated water in an insulated tank, ready for use whenever needed. In other words, hot water is available immediately and can be supplied to multiple taps throughout the house without limitation. Although this option is quite convenient, it does result in using more energy to provide instant hot water. This system is preferred in larger homes with multiple residents.
Simply put, gas water heaters use natural gas or LPG to heat water. These systems are available as continuous-flow (tankless) units or gas storage water heaters. Continuous flow units heat water on demand, while storage heaters maintain a supply of hot water in a tank.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Pro tip: For maximum efficiency, consider pairing a gas continuous flow system with a smart thermostat to better control energy usage. Also, regularly service your system to ensure optimal performance and safety.
Average unit and installation cost: $1,500 to $3,500
Hot water annual operating cost: Four people or 150 litres per day is about $400 to $500 annually.
Electric hot water systems heat water using electrical resistance. One common type is the heat pump water heater, which uses electricity to move heat from the air or ground into the water, making it more energy-efficient than traditional electric systems.
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Pro tip: If space is limited and your hot water needs are consistent, consider a tankless electric system for better energy efficiency. Ensure the system is appropriately sized for your household to prevent running out of hot water.
Average unit and installation cost: $1,500 to $2,000
Air to water heat pumps extract heat from the outside air and transfer it to water used for heating or domestic hot water. They use a refrigerant to absorb ambient heat from the air, which is then compressed and transferred to a water circuit. This system can provide both space heating and hot water for a home.
Advantages
Pro tip: To maximise efficiency, install the unit in a well-ventilated area with moderate ambient temperatures. Consider integrating it with a solar PV system for additional energy savings and environmental benefits.
Average unit and installation cost: $3,000 to $15,000+
Solar water heating systems use solar panels, known as solar collectors, typically mounted on the roof to capture solar energy. This energy is used to heat water, which is stored in an insulated tank. These systems often include a backup heating source, such as an electric or gas booster, to ensure a consistent hot water supply during periods of low sunlight.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Pro tip: To maximise efficiency, orient solar collectors to face true north (in the Southern Hemisphere) and ensure they are angled correctly for your location's latitude. Additionally, consider pairing your solar water heater with a smart controller to optimise booster use only when necessary.
Average unit and installation cost: $3,000 to $6,000
Wetback systems use the heat generated by a wood burner fireplace or stove to heat water. A wetback is a coil or pipe system integrated into the firebox or flue of the wood burner, which transfers heat from the fire to the water in a storage tank. These systems are popular in rural areas where wood is readily available.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Pro tip: Ensure that the wetback system is properly maintained and that the wood burner is in good condition to maximise the efficiency of the hot water system. Regularly check for leaks and ensure the system is correctly installed to avoid safety hazards.
Average unit and installation cost: $2,000 to $10,000
Combination boilers, or combi boilers, are compact systems that provide both central heating and hot water on demand. They combine the functions of a boiler and a water heater into a single unit, eliminating the need for a separate hot water storage tank. These systems are typically powered by gas and are popular in homes with limited space.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Pro tip: To maximise efficiency, ensure that your home’s water pressure is adequate for a combi boiler. Consider a unit with a higher flow rate if you have multiple bathrooms or high hot water demand.
Average unit and installation cost: $2,000 to $10,000+
After understanding the different types of hot water heating systems, it's important to organise your thoughts to get a better idea of which one works best for your home. Here's a simple checklist that goes over key items to help you determine which hot water heat system works best for you:
Selecting the right hot water heating system for your home is a decision that involves careful consideration of your household's needs, energy efficiency, and long-term costs. With various options available, from continuous flow systems and hot water cylinders to more advanced solutions like heat pumps and solar water heaters, each system offers distinct advantages depending on your lifestyle and environmental goals. By thoroughly evaluating your hot water demand, space constraints, and budget and consulting with professionals, you can confidently choose a system that provides reliable, efficient, and sustainable hot water for your home. Ultimately, the right choice will enhance your daily comfort while aligning with your energy-saving and environmental objectives.
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